,ALT]NATE ME?ODS =
       TRANSCRIB+ ^WS ) EMPHASIS
    ,0,*]YL ,KAMEI-,HANNAN1 ,PH4,D4
         ,ASSI/ANT ,PROFESSOR1
       ,CALI=NIA ,/ATE ,UNIV]S;Y1
             ,LOS ,ANGELES

  ,LOCAT+ ^WS WRITT5 9 BOLD1 ITALICS1
"UL9$1 OR 9 COLORS IS A M DI6ICULT TASK
=A /UD5T :O R1DS 9 BRL1 Z -P>$ )A /UD5T
:O IS SI<T$4 ,! PROCESS REQUIRES A BRL
R1D] 6SCAN ^W 0^W 6F9D ! -POSI;N SYMBOL1
: TRANSCRIB$ 9 XS SIMPLE/ =M IS
REPRES5T$ 0DOTS #D1F PREC$+ A ^W1 OR
DOTS #D1E1F &A LR1 S* Z ;R = R$ & ;B =
BLUE4 ,! A4I;N (! -POSI;N SYMBOL IS (T5
3FUS$ ) LRS OR O!R BRL 3TRAC;NS1
ESPECI,Y = 2G9N+ R1D]S & ^? :O >E LE>N+
! BRL CODE4
  ,9 AN EF=T 6MAKE F9D+ ^WS ) EMPHASIS
AN EASY TASK = "Y1 2G9N+ R1D]S1 ! ,BRL
,AU?OR;Y ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA 7,,BANA7
9ITIAT$ & FUND$ A RESE>*] 6DESIGN
ALT]NATIVE =MATS = TRANSCRIB+ ^WS )
EMPHASIS & 69VE/IGATE ! E6ICI5CY AT :
/UD5TS USE ! NEW =MAT4                #B
  ,HANNAN 7#BJJH7 DESIGN$ TWO ALT]NATE
=MATS 7,UA & ,UB7 = PRES5T+ ^WS WRITT5 9
ITALICS1 BOLD1 "UL9E1 & 9 COLOR4 ,BO? (!
ALT]NATE =MATS US$ A TWO L9E BRL SYMBOL4
,9 ,UA1 Z %[N 2L1 A ^W ) EMPHASIS 0
"UL9$ 9 A BLANK L9E 2L ! ^W4 ,A LR1
WRITT5 AT ! 5D (! L9E1 0 US$ 69DICATE
:AT TYPE ( TYPESET *ANGE 0 MADE1 I4E4 AN
;I 0 US$ = ITALIC1 ;R = R$ & ;B = BLUE4
,UB US$ A SIMIL> =MAT1 EXCEPT T ! LR
9DICATOR 0 WRITT5 2F ! L9E1 Z %[N 9 !
EXAMPLE 2L4
  ,TA# #A -- ,EXAMPLES ( ,FONT
,9DICATORS

,EMPHASIS
,S+LE ,^W
,MULTIPLE ,^WS 7LESS ?AN #D ^WS 9DICAT$7

,ITALICS
,! FOX .JUMP$4
,SEE ! .BR[N .DOG4


,BOLD                                 #C
,JOHN IS .HAPPY4
,HE IS A .V .NICE .CAT4

,"UL9E
,I L .SODA = LUN*4
,I .C .LI>N .BRL4

,R$ ,FONT
,! M\SE IS _R QK4 ,'
_R ,MAY ,I ,' H M P1S8

,BLUE ,FONT
,I W N G _B HOME4 ,'
,P _B D N WANT ,' X4

,UA

,ITALICS
,! FOX JUMP$4
       CCCCCI
,SEE ! BR[N DOG4
       CCCI CCCI


,BOLD                                 #D
,JOHN IS HAPPY4
         CCCCCB
,HE IS A V NICE CAT4
        CB CCCB CCCCB

,"UL9E
,I L SODA = LUN*4
     CCCU
,I C LI>N BRL4
  CU CCCU CCCU

,R$ ,FONT
,! M\SE IS QK4
           CCR
,MAY ,I H M P1S8
CCCR CR

,BLUE ,FONT
,I W N G HOME4
         CCCCB
,P D N WANT X4
  CBCB CCCB

,UB
,ITALICS                              #E
,! FOX JUMP$4
       ICCCCC
,SEE ! BR[N DOG4
       ICCC ICCC

,BOLD
,JOHN IS HAPPY4
         BCCCCC
,HE IS A V NICE CAT4
        BC BCCC BCCC

,"UL9E
,I L SODA = LUN*4
     UCCC
,I C LI>N BRL4
  UC UCCC UCCC

,R$ ,FONT
,! M\SE IS QK4
           RCC
,MAY ,I H M P1S8
RCCC RC


,BLUE ,FONT                           #F
,I W N G HOME4
         BCCCC
,P D N WANT X4
  BCBC BCCC

  ,9 ,HANNAN'S 7#BJJH7 RESE>* ?IRTY
"PICIPANTS1 PROFICI5T BRL R1D]S AGES #G-
#I1 7 ASK$ 6SCAN1 LOCATE1 ID5TIFY1 & "N
^WS ) EMPHASIS :5 PRES5T$ 9 "O (! ?REE
=MATS3 CURR5T BRL CODE 7,,CBC71 ,UA1 &
,UB4 ,PRE_/,PO/ 9T]V5;N 9T]VIEWS )
/UD5TS AL 7 3DUCT$ 6ID5TIFY 3CEPTUAL
BACKGR.D K1 PREVI\S K1 & PREF];ES4
,/UD5TS 7 TAU<T 6SCAN1 LOCATE1 ID5TIFY !
=MAT 9DICATOR & "N ! ^W/S T 7 WRITT5 9
ITALICS1 R$1 OR BLUE4 ,M1SURE;TS ( SPE$
& A3URACY 7TYPESET ID5TIFIC,N A3URACY1
^W ID5TIFIC,N A3URACY1 & OV]ALL A3URACY7
7 TAK54
  ,RESULTS %[$ A /ATI/IC,Y SIGNIFICANT
DI6];E 9 ! SPE$ AT : /UD5TS 7 A# 6-PLETE
! TASK4 ,H["E1 NO DI6];ES O3URR$ 9 !
A3URACY AT : /UD5TS 7 A# 6ID5TIFY & "N !
TYPESET &/OR 9DICATOR4 ,9T]VIEW RESULTS
%[$ T _M /UD5TS _H PRIOR EXPOSURE     #G
6TYPESET 9DICATORS1 B 7 UNA# 6/ATE !
-POSI;N SYMBOL US$ = BOLD1 ITALIC1 OR
"UL9E4 ,/UD5TS 7 N A# 6DESCRIBE ^!
F1TURES 9 PR9T1 & !Y 7 UNA# 6EXPLA9 !
PURPOSE ( ^WS ) EMPHASIS4 ,M ?AN HALF (!
"PICIPANTS PREF]R$ "O (! TWO ALT]NATE
=MATS4 ,! /UD5TS :O PREF]R$ ,,CBC 7 FA/]
OV]ALL AT ALL ?REE TASKS1 )! FA/E/ SCORE
2+ "O (! TWO ALT]NATE =MATS4 ,T1*]S
REPORT$ T /UD5TS 7 N FAMILI> ) 8SCANN+0
& T !Y _H 6EXPLA9 T SCANN+ & R1D+ TEXT 7
DI6]5T TASKS4 ,"O /UD5T DROPP$ \ (! /UDY
2C ! TASK ( SCANN+ 0 TOO DI6ICULT4
  ,RECOMM5D,NS BAS$ ON ! RESULTS ( ?
/UDY 7 6USE ,UB Z AN ALT]NATE =MAT =
TRANSCRIB+ ^WS ) EMPHASIS 9 E>LY ELE;T>Y
TEXTBOOKS1 & 6T1* *N 3CEPTS ( PR9T1 H[
6SCAN = ^WS ) EMPHASIS1 & PURPOSES (
SCANN+4 ,T1*]S MAY AL *OOSE 6TRANSCRIBE
MAT]IALS US+ ,UB4 ,:5 /UD5TS USE ,UB1 !Y
C 2 TAU<T 6SCAN A PAGE US+ TWO H&S 9 A
V]TICAL TOP 6BOTTOM H& MO;N4 ,IF ! /UD5T
USES TWO H&S1 !N ! EXTRA L9E BR1K WD 2
SPOTT$ IMMLY1 ELIM9AT+ ! NE$ 6SCAN EA*
L9E ( TEXT US+ A HORIZONTAL H&        #H
MOVE;T PATT]N4 ,? IS ESPECI,Y TRUE IF !
^WS ) EMPHASIS >E LOCAT$ )9 A PASSAGE4
  ,= A4I;NAL 9=M,N &A DETAIL$ REPORT1
PL1SE REF] TO3 ,! ,OCTOB] ISSUE ( ..!
,J\RNAL ( ,VISUAL ,IMPAIR;T & .,BL;S4

,CIT,N3
,KAMEI-,HANNAN1 ,C4 7IN PRESS74
  ,9NOVATIVE ,SOLU;NS = ,^WS )
  ,EMPHASIS3 ,ALT]NATIVE ,ME?ODS ( ,BRL
  ,TRANSCRIP;N4 ,J\RNAL ( ,VISUAL
  ,IMPAIR;T & ,BL;S 771 PG4 4